Getting the flu during pregnancy can be more serious that you think. The Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at KK Women's and Children's Hospital (KKH), a member of the SingHealth group, explains why.

Did you know, flu symptoms in pregnant women can persist up to three times longer than in non-pregnant women? More importantly, the flu can also lead to serious complications for the mother and baby, especially when it is accompanied by high fever.

The influenza virus itself has not been shown to cause birth defects. However, having a high fever during the first trimester may increase the chance for birth defects such as spina bifida. In the second and third trimester, it may impair the growth of the foetus.

A pregnant woman has lower immunity as a way of preventing the foetus from being rejected. Thus, making her more susceptible to flu complications. Pre-existing illnesses, such as diabetes, asthma or heart disease, further increase this risk.

Related article: TCM and pregnancy – What you need to know

Potential complications arising from flu during pregnancy

Pneumonia is the most common complication that can arise from flu. If the virus spreads to the brain, it can lead to an inflammation of the delicate brain structures, causing encephalitis or meningitis (brain infection).

Pregnancy also affects a woman's heart and lungs, particularly at the later stages. As the baby grows, the womb expands and presses against the mother's lungs. This can make breathing more taxing, and more so if she catches the flu.

Flu may also lead to the inflammation of the lungs, known as bronchitis, as well as the inflammation of the heart muscle (myocarditis).

Related article: Symptoms of heart inflammation and can it kill?

In the absence of early treatment, a fever higher than 38.5 deg C has been linked to a higher risk of:

  • premature birth (pre-term labour) and
  • miscarriage

Thus, it is critical for expectant women to seek treatment early. If you suspect you have the flu, see a doctor within 48 hours to determine if your symptoms stem from the flu virus or other infections. If it is indeed the flu, the doctor will prescribe you pregnancy-safe medication. It is best not to self-medicate, as it could delay proper diagnosis and treatment.

Related article: Is it safe to get the flu jab during pregnancy?

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