The one-year-old Brain Bank Singapore (BBS) welcomed its first two "deposits" this year, with the first of two brains donated on Sept 10.
Retrieving the brain is no mean feat. The body’s powerhouse, which weighs 1.2kg on average, has to be carefully – and very respectfully – removed from the back or the top of the head of a dead person. This needs to be done within 24 to 48 hours to preserve the quality of the brain tissues, and the process takes around an hour. The person’s skull is replaced before the scalp is stitched up. This allows for an open casket funeral to be conducted.
Having a brain bank in Singapore is critical, Brain Bank Singapore manager Joan Sim told The Straits Times. "The genetic background of brain tissues supplied by European and American tissue collections is not the same as the Asian genetics, and this will impact the research discoveries and also, potentially, the new drugs that are developed," Dr Sim said. "Having our own local brain bank will allow us to study our own patient cohorts to help understand how the Asian genetic background and the environment interact to determine the characteristics of brain diseases among Singaporeans."
Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease are on the rise. Dr Adeline Ng, a senior consultant neurologist at the National Neuroscience Institute, said: "It’s hard to imagine the depth of frustration patients face as they gradually lose control of their bodies and minds. Those who register as BBS donors give hope to patients and their families that a cure can be found and leave a legacy of better brain health for future generations."
Currently, there are 71 registered brain donors, of whom two have died. Anyone above the age of 21 is eligible for brain donation and no upper age limit exists. However, donors must not have had any active serious infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and the human immunodeficiency virus. Those who died in an accident will also not be eligible to donate if an autopsy needs to be conducted.
BBS, which was set up on Nov 27 last year, is currently in an early stage of donor recruitment. The first donor was a lady in her 70s. Joyce (not her real name), the donor’s sister, said her sister had been a blood donor for many years and had decided to donate her organs. While her skin and cornea were assessed to be unsuitable for research and transplant purposes, her brain was deemed feasible.
"It is great knowing that I was able to fulfil my sister’s wishes for her organs to be used in a meaningful way, by providing consent on her behalf for her brain to be donated to BBS for research and medical studies," Joyce told ST. The brain was retrieved at the Procedural Skills Lab at the Singapore General Hospital. An open casket funeral and cremation took place the next day.
Professor Richard Reynolds, director of BBS, said: "Having a wake with an open casket is important as it allows family members to pay their respects to the deceased and helps them grieve. Our donors are truly special people and their bodies are treated with the utmost respect to make sure such funeral rites can take place."
At BBS, half the brain is cut into smaller blocks of 2cm by 2cm and frozen at minus 80 deg C, while the other half is preserved in a solution and then embedded in paraffin wax for study. Brain tissues and cerebral spinal fluid, the fluid in the brain and spinal cord, can be stored in the freezer around 10 to 20 years.
Source: The Straits Times
Reproduced with permission.
