In traditional Chinese medicine, the human body is thought to contain pathways known as meridians, through which vital energy, or qi, flows. When this flow is blocked or unbalanced, illness and discomfort may take hold. Acupuncture aims to restore balance by stimulating specific points along these meridians.

In modern medicine, the effects of acupuncture are often explained by its interaction with the nervous and immune systems. When acupuncture needles are inserted into the body they:

• Stimulate nerve endings, triggering the release of natural painkillers like endorphins
  
  
• Increase blood flow to targeted areas, aiding recovery
  
  
• May influence neurotransmitter activity and regulate stress responses
  
  
• Appear to reduce inflammatory signalling in the body

Emerging research has shown that acupuncture’s effects are not by chance.

In animal studies, researchers have identified certain nerve fibres, particularly in the limbs, that are responsible for triggering anti-inflammatory responses when stimulated. This may explain why some acupuncture points produce stronger therapeutic effects than others.

While more studies are needed in humans, these findings suggest that acupuncture may help regulate the body’s immune and inflammatory processes, adding another dimension to its role in chronic pain and symptom management.

1. Know when to consider acupuncture 

Acupuncture is commonly sought for long-standing health issues that affect daily life. Acupuncture may be appropriate if:

• You experience chronic pain, fatigue or tension that is not fully relieved by medication or physiotherapy
  
  
• You are undergoing medical treatment (e.g. chemotherapy) and want help managing side effects
  
  
• You are recovering from injury or surgery and need symptom support
  
  
• You prefer drug-free options to manage stress, headaches or menstrual discomfort 

Do consult your doctor before starting acupuncture, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions.

2. Understand what acupuncture helps with

Acupuncture is used to help manage a wide range of symptoms. These include:

• Pain: Back pain, neck pain, knee pain, osteoarthritis, nerve pain (e.g. sciatica), fibromyalgia and jaw pain
  
  Have lower back pain? Try using this acupressure technqiue for relief, shared by our CGH Acupunturist.
  
   
  
  
• Headaches: Tension headaches and migraine
  
  
• Have a headache or toothache? Try using this acupressure technqiue for relief, shared by our CGH Acupunturist.

   

  
  
• Women’s health: Menstrual cramps, menopausal symptoms and fertility support
  
  
• Mental and emotional wellbeing: Anxiety, stress, insomnia, mild depression
  
  
• Digestive symptoms: Irritable bowel syndrome, nausea, bloating
  
  
• Treatment-related side effects: Treatment-induced pain, nausea and vomiting, hot flushes and fatigue

Some patients also use acupuncture to support rehabilitation after stroke or to manage chronic conditions such as Parkinson’s disease.

While it is not a replacement for medical treatment, it may improve symptom control when used alongside it.

3.    Go for regular sessions if advised

Acupuncture may work best when delivered over a course of sessions. A typical treatment plan includes:

• 1 to 2 sessions per week during the initial phase
  
  
• A minimum of 3 to 5 sessions before assessing effectiveness
  
  
• Each session lasting 20 to 40 minutes, depending on the issue 

While some people feel better after the first session, some need multiple treatments before noticing meaningful improvement.

Do discuss any concerns you have with your TCM practitioner about your treatment goals and progress.

Acupuncture risk factors

Although acupuncture is generally well tolerated, it may not be suitable for everyone. Speak to your doctor before starting if you:

• Have a bleeding disorder (e.g. haemophilia)
• Are taking anticoagulants like warfarin
• Are pregnant, as some acupuncture points may trigger uterine activity
• Have a pacemaker; avoid electroacupuncture unless cleared by a specialist
• Have metal allergies or skin infections
• Have weakened immunity (e.g. during chemotherapy or infection)

To stay safe, always disclose your medical history and follow your TCM practitioner’s aftercare advice. Other ways to minimise risk include the following:

1.   Choose a qualified practitioner

Safety starts with choosing the right provider. Acupuncture should only be performed by trained and certified professionals using sterile, single-use needles.

In Singapore, acupuncture is offered by licensed TCM practitioners, registered under the Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners Board (TCMPB).

Senior Acupuncturist Adele Lau advised, "Doctors and dentists (in Singapore) who own acupuncturist practising certificate are also known as TCM practitioners to TCMPB.

However, physiotherapists who undergo “acupuncture” training are actually not acupuncturists unless they complete a bachelor programme in TCM.

Always check the validity of your TCM practitioner’s practising certificate on the Traditional Chinese Medicine Practitioners Board’s website (www.tcmpb.gov.sg) and do not proceed with treatment if hygiene standards are not met."

2.   What to expect during and after an acupuncture session

Acupuncture sessions typically begin with a brief consultation. Your practitioner will ask about your symptoms, lifestyle and overall health history.

They may also examine specific areas of discomfort and check your pulse or tongue, common practices in TCM used to assess your body’s constitution.

Once the assessment is done, you will be asked to lie comfortably on a padded treatment bed. Depending on the points being used, you may need to remove some clothing or adjust your position.

About the needles used in acupunture

The practitioner will then insert very fine, sterile needles, often as thin as a strand of hair, into selected acupuncture points.

These points may be near the site of your symptoms or located on other parts of the body. In traditional acupuncture, the choice of points is guided by meridian pathways and TCM diagnosis.

You may receive between 5 and 20 needles in a session, depending on your condition.

How does it feel to have needles inserted into your body?

Most people feel minimal discomfort. You might notice a small pinch when the needle enters, followed by a dull ache, tingling, warmth or heaviness — sensations that are often regarded as signs of therapeutic activation.

Once inserted, the needles remain in place for about 20 minutes, during which you are encouraged to rest quietly. Some practitioners may gently twirl the needles or apply mild electrical pulses (electroacupuncture) to enhance the effects.

Do's and don'ts after an acupuncture session

After the needles are removed, many people feel deeply relaxed, while others report a sense of alertness or lightness. You may feel immediate relief from symptoms, or notice gradual improvement over subsequent sessions.

It is best to avoid strenuous activity, alcohol or heavy meals on the same day, especially if you feel light-headed or tired. While most people can resume their normal routine, allow your body some time to rest and respond to the treatment.

Mild side effects, such as bruising, light bleeding or soreness at the needle sites, can occasionally occur but usually resolve within a day. If you experience anything unusual after treatment, such as dizziness, persistent discomfort or skin irritation, inform your TCM practitioner.

1. Is acupuncture painful?

Usually not. The needles are as fine as a strand of hair. Most people feel only a brief pinch or tingling sensation.

2. How long do the effects last?

This varies depending on your condition, frequency of sessions and how your body responds. Some people feel relief for days or weeks, while others benefit from ongoing sessions.

3. Can I stop my medications if I feel better?

No. Acupuncture is a supportive and complementary treatment. You should continue all prescribed medications unless your doctor advises otherwise.

4. Can it be used with physiotherapy or rehab?

Yes. Acupuncture is often used alongside physiotherapy, medication and lifestyle adjustments to improve outcomes and wellbeing.

5. Can I drive after acupuncture?

Most people can, but if you feel lightheaded or sleepy after a session, it’s best to rest before driving.

“Acupuncture may not work for all, but for many, it can ease symptoms and improve daily comfort, especially when combined with other medical care. If you’re living with chronic pain, fatigue, stress or treatment side effects, acupuncture may be worth exploring as part of a holistic plan,” Ms Lau advised.

Ref: G25

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