Normal plasma cells make antibodies that help your body fight off infections. However, in multiple myeloma, abnormal plasma cells multiply rapidly and produce abnormal antibodies which your body cannot use.

These abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow as they don't die like normal cells do. Eventually, these abnormal plasma cells interfere with the production of healthy white and red blood cells.

Multiple myeloma can spread beyond your bone marrow and cause problems in your kidneys and other organs.

The risk of developing multiple myeloma increases with age. In Singapore, the average age of a multiple myeloma patient is 65 years old. In addition, men are more likely than women to develop the condition.

The symptoms of multiple myeloma may be overlooked as they mimic those of common, benign conditions. They include:

1. Persistent tiredness
2. Frequent infections
3. Nausea
4. Constant thirst
5. Constipation
6. Weight loss
7. Loss of appetite
8. Mental fogginess or confusion
9. Bone pains
10. Weakness or numbness in your legs

If you have a combination of these symptoms, please see your doctor. If multiple myeloma is suspected, more specific blood tests, bone marrow biopsy and an X-ray or MRI will be performed by the specialist physician.

Manifestation of organ damage caused by myeloma is often referred to as ‘CRAB’.

‘CRAB’ is an acronym that refers to:

• Calcium: high
• Renal or kidney problems
• Anaemia, also known as low red blood count
• Bone damage including fractures or breaking down of the bone

Read on to learn about the various treatment options for multiple myeloma.

Ref: Q15