"Triggering" describes the distinct catching or locking that occurs when the finger is bent or straightened. This condition involves the pulleys and tendons which bend the fingers. The tendons usually glide through the pulleys in the finger. When the pulley at the base of the finger becomes too thick, it constricts the tendon and a tendon nodule forms. This size mismatch prevents smooth gliding of the tendon. The pulley "catches" the tendon and results in triggering.
What is trigger finger?
Tendons are important structures important for moving our fingers.
In trigger finger, the lining of the tendon swells and the tendon is not able to glide smoothly. This results in pain or a catching feeling when you try to move your finger.
Trigger finger: How to prevent / How to avoid
While it may not always be possible to completely prevent trigger finger, you can reduce the risk of it happening by taking some precautions:
These preventive measures can help lower your chances of developing trigger finger, especially if you are at higher risk.
When to see a doctor for trigger finger
Trigger finger: How to treat
Non-surgical methods of treating trigger finger are usually tried first. These include:
Hand therapy
If symptoms persist, surgery is recommended. Trigger finger surgery is usually a minor procedure performed under local anesthesia, which involves the release of the tendon tunnel to create more space.
With surgical intervention, there is a less than 5% chance of trigger finger recurring.
Causes of trigger finger
Trigger finger occurs when the tendons in your finger or thumb become inflamed, leading to irritation as they pass through the sheath that surrounds them. This inflammation causes the tendon to thicken, making it difficult to move smoothly.
Over time, this results in the characteristic locking or catching sensation. The underlying cause is the repeated friction or stress on the tendons, often due to frequent gripping motions or hand use.
While anyone can develop trigger finger, those engaged in activities that strain the hand muscles are more likely to experience this condition.
Who is at risk of developing trigger finger?
Factors that increase a person's risk developing trigger finger include:
Symptoms of trigger finger
Trigger finger typically develops gradually, with symptoms that can range from mild to severe. The condition primarily affects the tendons in your fingers or thumb, causing discomfort and restricted movement. Below are the key symptoms to watch out for:
If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice early, especially if the condition begins to interfere with daily activities. Early treatment can help prevent further complications.
How is trigger finger diagnosed?
Trigger finger is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. In most cases, no additional tests like X-rays or scans are required, as the condition can be diagnosed based on symptoms and hand movement alone.
However, if there is concern about underlying conditions, your doctor may order further tests.Based on the examination, a grade will be assigned to your trigger finger or thumb based on the severity of your condition:
Grade 1: Mild discomfort and occasional locking.
Grade 2: Locking occurs during physical examination, but you can still straighten your finger or thumb.
Grade 3: Difficulty bending or straightening your finger or thumb, interfering with daily activities.
Grade 4: Finger or thumb is stuck in a bent position, causing significant pain.Ref:
G25 (ed)
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