You need to take good care of your teeth and gums if you have diabetes. That’s because this chronic disorder characterised by high blood sugar, increases your risk of dental problems such as bad breath, tooth decay and periodontal (gum) disease.

Gingivitis, which is inflammation of the gumline, and periodontitis, an advanced condition which can develop from untreated gingivitis, are some of the complications of uncontrolled diabetes. Gum disease which is untreated may eventually lead to loss of the affected teeth.

“People with diabetes are more likely to have gum disease than people without diabetes, because diabetics are more prone to developing infections, as high blood sugar levels can weaken the patient's immune system defenses,” says Dr Chee Hoe Kit, Consultant, Periodontics Unit, Department of Restorative Dentistry, National Dental Centre Singapore (NDCS), a member of the SingHealth group. “However, diabetics whose blood sugar levels are well-controlled and those who have good oral hygiene, may have a lower risk of gum disease.”

Research suggests that the relationship between diabetes and gum disease, such as gingivitis and periodontitis, is a two-way street: People with diabetes are more at risk of gum disease; and untreated gum disease can cause blood sugar to rise.

“In the light of this, individuals who have severe gum disease may have undiagnosed diabetes, especially if the patient has no obvious signs of poor oral hygiene or who does not respond well to initial gum treatment,” says Dr Chee.