Lymphoma cancer: how it happens

Too much of a good thing can be bad for you: This saying holds true for your body’s immune system. While you need immune system cells to fight off diseases and infections, having too many of these cells can actually endanger your health. This is what happens in the case of lymphoma cancer, when the body’s immune system cells start to multiply uncontrollably and do not die.

According to the National Cancer Centre Singapore (NCCS), lymphoma ranks among the top ten cancers in Singapore.

What is lymphoma?

Lymphoma cancer is a type of cancer affecting certain types of immune system cells, specifically the white blood cells called lymphocytes B or lymphocytes T.

Lymphocytes travel throughout the body in a clear fluid called lymph. Using a network of vessels that make up the lymphatic system, the lymph passes through small, bean-shaped organs called lymph nodes, which trap harmful substances. Larger clusters of lymph nodes can be found in the neck, armpits and groin.

In lymphoma, lymphocytes B or T multiply uncontrollably and fail to die like normal cells eventually would. Patients with lymphoma often notice a swelling of their lymph nodes caused by the formation of painless lumps or tumours. Lymphoma can also occur in other organs as small amounts of lymph and lymph tissue pass through virtually all organs in the body.

“Although the exact causes of lymphoma still remain unknown, it might be related to viruses and infections,” says Professor Lim Soon Thye, Deputy Medical Director (Clinical) and Senior Consultant of the Division of Medical Oncology at NCCS, a member of the SingHealth group.

Patients with human immunodeficiency (HIV) infections or on long-term immunosuppressive drugs also have a higher risk of developing lymphoma.

Symptoms of lymphoma

  • Painless swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck, underarm or groin. This is the most common symptom
  • Persistent fever
  • Drenching night sweats
  • Unexplained weight loss
  • Patchy red skin and itching
  • Lack of energy, tiredness or fatigue

Read on to learn about the different types of lymphoma cancer and how is the disease diagnosed.

Ref: K21

Check out our other articles on cancer:

Top 10 Cancers in Singapore (for Men and Women)

Cancer Causes: Myths and Facts

Top Cancer Prevention Foods

Cancer Diet: Top Foods to Eat and Avoid for Cancer Treatment